• Prevention of maternal-fetal HIV-1 transmission:
    • Pregnancy >14 weeks gestation: PO 100mg 5 times/day until labor onset OR PO 200mg TDS OR PO 300mg BD until labor onset
  • Labor and delivery: IV 2mg/kg/dose *1, then IV 1mg/kg/h for at least 2 hours OR PO 600mg *1, then 400mg every 3 hours
    • Initiated at labor onset or >3 hours before scheduled Cesarean delivery
  • HIV infection:
    • Adults:
      • PO 300mg BD OR 200mg TDS OR IV 1mg/kg/dose every 4 hours *5-6 doses/day
    • <30 week gestation (<4 weeks old):
      • PO 4mg/kg/day divided BD OR IV 3mg/kg/day divided BD
    • <30 week gestation (4-8 weeks old):
      • PO 6mg/kg/day divided BD OR IV 4.5mg/kg/day divided BD
    • <30 week gestation (>8 week old):
      • PO 24mg/kg/day divided BD OR IV 18mg/kg/day divided BD
    • 30-35 week gestation (<2 weeks old):
      • PO 4mg/kg/day divided BD OR IV 3mg/kg/day divided BD
    • 30-35 week gestation (2-6 weeks old):
      • PO 6mg/kg/day PO divided BD OR IV 4.5mg/kg/day IV divided BD
    • 30-35 week gestation (>6 weeks old):
      • PO 24mg/kg/day divided BD OR IV 18mg/kg/day divided BD
    • >35 week gestation (<4 weeks old):
      • PO 8mg/kg/day divided BD OR IV 6mg/kg/day divided BD
    • >35 week gestation (≥4 weeks, 4-8 kg):
      • PO 24mg/kg/day divided BD/TDS. Max: 600mg/day OR PO 480mg/m2/day divided BD/TDS
    • >35 week gestation (≥4 weeks 9-29 kg):
      • PO 18mg/kg/day divided BD/TDS. Max: 600mg/day OR 480mg/m2/day divided BD/TDS
    • >35 week gestation (≥4 weeks, >30 kg):
      • PO 600mg/day divided BD/TDS. Max: 600mg/day OR 480mg/m2/day divided BD/TDS
  • Neonatal HIV infection prevention:
    • <30 week gestation, low-risk patients:
      • PO 4mg/kg/day divided BD *4/52
      • Initiated within 12 hours after birth
    • <30-34 week gestation, high-risk patients:
      • PO 4mg/kg/day divided BD *4/52, then 6mg/kg/day divided BD *2/52
      • Initiated within 12 hours after birth
      • Given with lamivudine and either nevirapine or raltegravir
      • May be given as 2-drug regimen with nevirapine
    • 30-34 week gestation, low-risk patients:
      • PO 4mg/kg/day divided BD *2/52, then 6mg/kg/day divided BD *2/52
      • Initiated within 12 hours after birth
    • >35 week gestation, low-risk patients:
      • PO 8mg/kg/day divided BD *4/52
      • Initiated within 12 hours after birth
    • >35 week gestation, high-risk patients:
      • PO 8mg/kg/day divided BD *6/52
      • Initiate within 12 hours after birth
      • Given with lamivudine and either nevirapine or raltegravir
      • May be given as 2-drug regimen with nevirapine
  • HIV post-exposure prophylaxis in adults (Off-label):
    • PO 300mg BD
    • Part of multi-drug regimen
  • Non-occupational HIV post-exposure prophylaxis in children(Off-label):
    • <30 week gestation (14-28 days old):
      • PO 4mg/kg/day divided BD OR IV 3mg/kg/day divided BD
    • <30 week gestation (≥29 days old):
      • PO 8mg/kg/day divided BD OR IV 6mg/kg/day divided BD
    • 30-35 week gestation (<2 weeks old):
      • PO 4mg/kg/day divided BD OR IV 3mg/kg/day divided BD
    • 30-35 week gestation (≥15 days old):
      • PO 8mg/kg/day divided BD OR IV 6mg/kg/day divided BD
    • >35 week gestation (<41 days old):
      • PO 8mg/kg/day divided BD OR IV 6mg/kg/day divided BD
    • >35 week gestation (≥4 weeks old, 4-8 kg):
      • PO 24mg/kg/day divided BD
    • >35 week gestation (≥4 weeks old, 9-29 kg):
      • PO 18mg/kg/day divided BD
    • >35 week gestation (≥4 weeks old, >30 kg):
      • PO 300mg BD
  • Capsule/Tablet:
    • 100mg
    • 300mg
  • Suspension
    • 50mg/5mL
  • Injection:
    • 10mg/mL
  • Taken without regards to meals
  • IV is infused over 1 hour
  • Not to be given IM or as an IV push

Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor (NRTI)

It inhibits reverse transcriptase and incorporates into viral DNA, resulting in DNA chain termination

  • Headache
  • Malaise
  • Nausea
  • Anorexia
  • Vomiting
  • Asthenia
  • Constipation
  • Abdominal cramps
  • Abdominal pain
  • Arthralgia
  • Rigors
  • Dyspepsia
  • Fatigue
  • Insomnia
  • Musculoskeletal pain
  • Myalgia
  • Neuropathy
  • Elevated ALT/AST
  • Anemia
  • Fever
  • Cough
  • Hepatomegaly
  • Rash
  • URI symptoms
  • Diarrhea
  • Stomatitis
  • Lipoatrophy
  • Hypersensitivity to class/components
  • Elvitegravir/cobicistat/emtricitabine/tenofovir df

                          Drug Status

Availability Prescription only
Pregnancy Category C; Benefit outweighs risk
Breastfeeding Breastfeeding contraindicated
Schedule Not controlled
BRAND NAME STRENGTH FORMULATION PACK SIZE MANUFACTURER DISTRIBUTOR
Retrovir 100mg Capsule 100’s GSK Ltd GSK Ltd
Retrovir 50mg/5mL Suspension 200mL GSK Ltd GSK Ltd
Zido-H 300mg Capsule 60’s Hetero Labs Unisel Ltd
Zidocos 300mg Tablet 60’s Cosmos Ltd Cosmos Ltd
Zidocos 100mg Tablet 100’s Cosmos Ltd Cosmos Ltd