- Malignancies:
- Non-Hodgkin lymphoma
- Hodgkin lymphoma
- Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)
- Multiple myeloma
- Breast cancer
- Ovarian cancer
- Neuroblastoma
- Sarcomas
- Non-oncologic/Off-label Uses:
- Severe lupus nephritis
- ANCA-associated vasculitis (e.g., GPA, MPA)
- Multiple sclerosis (off-label)
- Conditioning regimens for bone marrow transplant
Dose:
- IV and Oral formulations
- Highly individualized dosing based on:
- Disease type
- BSA (mg/m²) or body weight (mg/kg)
- Single agent vs. combination chemotherapy
- Frequency: Daily, every 1–3 weeks, or monthly
Common Regimens:
- Cancer: 300–600 mg/m² IV every 2–3 weeks
- Autoimmune (e.g., lupus nephritis):
- 500–1000 mg IV monthly x 6 months
Always ensure aggressive hydration and mesna use with high-dose IV therapy to prevent
- PO: 25 mg, 50 mg
- IM: Vials (powder for reconstitution) – 200 mg, 500 mg, 1 g, 2 g
- Routes: Oral and IV only
- Administer IV slowly over 30–60 minutes
- Hydration + MESNA needed at high doses
- Oral: Take with food, early in the day to reduce bladder toxicity
- Monitor blood counts regularly
- Class: Alkylating agent (nitrogen mustard)
- Mechanism of Action:
- Metabolized in liver to phosphoramide mustard → alkylates DNA → crosslinking → cell death
- Cell cycle non-specific (affects resting & dividing cells)
- Prodrug, activated by CYP2B6, 2C9
- Excreted via kidneys
- Nausea/vomiting (moderate to high emetogenicity)
- Alopecia
- Fatigue
- Myelosuppression (neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, anemia)
- Active severe infections
- Urinary outflow obstruction
- Severe bone marrow suppression
- Hypersensitivity to cyclophosphamide
- Allopurinol: ↑ risk of bone marrow suppression
- Anthracyclines (e.g., doxorubicin): additive cardiotoxicity
- Live vaccines: Avoid
- Warfarin: ↑ INR with some cases
- CYP inducers/inhibitors may alter activation
Drug Status
Availability | |
Pregnancy | |
Breastfeeding | |
Schedule |
BRAND NAME | STRENGTH | FORMULATION | PACK SIZE | MANUFACTURER | DISTRIBUTOR |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cycloxan | 1g | Injection | 1’s | Zydus Healthcare | Sai Pharma |
Cycloxan | 500mg | Injection | 1’s | Zydus Healthcare | Sai Pharma |
Cycloxan | 200mg | Injection | 1’s | Zydus Healthcare | Sai Pharma |
Cyphos | 500mg | Injection | 1’s | Getwell Pharma | Nairobi Enterprises |
Endoxan | 200mg | Injection | 1’s | Zydus Healthcare | Sai Pharma |
Endoxan | 500mg | Injection | 1’s | Zydus Healthcare | Sai Pharma |
Endoxan | 1g | Injection | 1’s | Zydus Healthcare | Sai Pharma |
Endoxan | 50mg | Tablet | 50’s | Zydus Healthcare | Sai Pharma |
Oncomide | 200mg | Injection | 1’s | PSM Pharma | PSM Pharma |
Oncomide | 500mg | Injection | 1’s | PSM Pharma | PSM Pharma |
Oncomide | 1g | Injection | 1’s | PSM Pharma | PSM Pharma |